
In villages that have public toilets, many were found unusable owing to a lack of water connections, poor maintenance, or unclean conditions.
| Photo Credit: MEINZAHN
Although rural Karnataka was declared “Open Defecation Free” in 2018, a survey of women in 390 Scheduled Caste households in Chikkodi taluk, Belagavi, has found that nearly 50% of the households do not have a toilet at home.
Published – March 31, 2026 07:38 pm IST


