Trump signs order to justify 50% tariffs on Brazil

U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order Wednesday (July 30, 2025) to impose his threatened 50% tariffs on Brazil, setting a legal rationale that Brazil’s policies and criminal prosecution of former President Jair Bolsonaro constitute an economic emergency under a 1977 law.

Mr. Trump had threatened the tariffs on July 9 in a letter to President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. But the legal basis of that threat was an earlier executive order premised on trade imbalances being a threat to the US economy. But America ran a $6.8 billion trade surplus last year with Brazil, according to the US Census Bureau.

A statement by the White House said Brazil’s judiciary had tried to coerce social media companies and block their users, though it did not name the companies involved, X and Rumble.

Mr. Trump appears to identify with Bolsonaro, who attempted to overturn the results of his 2022 loss to Mr. Lula. Similarly, Mr. Trump was indicted in 2023 for his efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 US presidential election.

The order would apply an additional 40% tariff on the baseline 10% tariff already being levied by Mr. Trump. But not all goods imported from Brazil would face the 40% tariff: Civil aircraft and parts, aluminium, tin, wood pulp, energy products, and fertilisers are among the products being excluded.

The order said the tariffs would go into effect seven days after its signing on Wednesday.

Also on Wednesday, Mr. Trump’s Treasury Department announced sanctions on Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes over alleged suppression of freedom of expression and Bolsonaro’s ongoing trial.

Mr. De Moraes oversees the criminal case against Bolsonaro, who is accused of masterminding a plot to stay in power despite his 2022 defeat.

On July 18, the State Department announced visa restrictions on Brazilian judicial officials, including Mr. de Moraes.